Сбой закрытия электрического шарового клапана: причины и решения

Electric ball valves are essential components widely used in industries such as chemical, oil, food, pharmaceuticals, and water treatment. Their primary function is to regulate fluid flow, ensuring efficient and safe production processes. However, in practice, these ball valves may sometimes face issues where they can only open and not close. This not only reduces production efficiency and increases maintenance costs but can also pose serious safety risks to equipment and personnel. This article will analyze the reasons for such failures and provide effective solutions and preventive measures.

Analysis of Electric Ball Valve Failure Causes

Electric ball valves rely on precise fluid control to maintain efficient and safe operations. However, as usage time increases, various faults can disrupt their normal functioning, particularly the issue of being unable to close. Below are the main reasons for this problem.

1. Power Supply Issues

The proper operation of electric ball valves depends on a stable power supply. If the power source is unstable or if there is a circuit fault, the valve may not function correctly. Common issues include:
Relay and Contactor Failures: If the relay or contactor in the control circuit is damaged, the valve may only operate in the opening direction, preventing the closing signal from being transmitted.
Power Fluctuations: Unstable voltage can lead to the motor not receiving enough power, affecting the valve's movement.

2. Drive Motor Failures

The drive motor is a critical component of the electric ball valve, and its condition directly impacts the valve's performance. Common faults include:
Overload or Short Circuit: The motor may become overloaded under high loads, causing protective devices to cut off power.
Internal Winding Damage: Damage to the internal windings can lead to motor failure, resulting in the valve only being able to operate in one direction.
Insufficient Torque: If the motor cannot generate enough torque during reverse rotation, the ball valve will be unable to close.

3. Limit Switch Malfunctions

Limit switches detect the open and close positions of the valve, and any failure can directly affect its operation. Main issues include:
Sticking Contacts: Sticking contacts may prevent signals from being transmitted correctly, making it impossible for the valve to receive a closing command.
Improper Positioning: If the limit switch is incorrectly positioned, the valve may not receive the closing signal after reaching the open position.

4. Mechanical Wear and Tear

The mechanical components inside the ball valve may wear out or become damaged over time, leading to closure failures. Key issues include:
Aging Packing: Packing can age over time, reducing sealing effectiveness and affecting valve closure.
Ball and Seat Obstruction: Foreign materials or rust may obstruct the contact between the ball and seat, preventing the valve from closing.

5. Control Signal Abnormalities

Abnormal signals from the control system can hinder the proper operation of electric ball valves. Possible scenarios include:
Signal Interruptions: Interruptions in the control signal can prevent the valve from receiving open or close commands.
Insufficient Signal Strength or Incorrect Polarity: Weak signals may prevent the electric actuator from functioning correctly, while polarity errors can lead to failure in reverse actions.

Major Solutions for Electric Ball Valve Failure

Addressing the issue of electric ball valves that can only open requires effective solutions. These measures not only help restore normal valve function but also prevent similar problems in the future. Here are specific solutions for different failure causes.

1. Check Power Supply and Circuit

Power Stability: Regularly monitor the power supply to ensure that voltage and frequency remain within the required range, avoiding fluctuations.
Circuit Inspection: Periodically check relays, contactors, and other electrical components in the control circuit to ensure they are functioning correctly. Replace damaged parts and conduct professional tests as needed.

2. Inspect Drive Motor

Motor Performance Testing: Use tools like multimeters to check the motor’s electrical performance, including resistance and voltage, to confirm if there are overloads or damages.
Regular Maintenance: Perform routine maintenance and cleaning of the motor to ensure no dust or dirt affects its operation.

3. Adjust and Check Limit Switches

Regular Inspection: Frequently check the contacts of the limit switches to ensure they are clean and free from debris.
Position Calibration: Ensure that the limit switch position is correctly adjusted and recalibrate or replace damaged switches as necessary.

4. Maintain Mechanical Components

Internal Cleaning: Regularly disassemble and clean the internal mechanical components of the ball valve to remove rust and debris, keeping the valve clean.
Lubrication Maintenance: Periodically add lubricant to the mechanical components to ensure smooth rotation and prevent wear.

5. Calibrate Control Signals

Signal Monitoring: Ensure that signals from the control system are stable and accurate; use tools like oscilloscopes to monitor signal waveforms when necessary.
Signal Parameter Adjustment: Adjust signal parameters according to equipment requirements to ensure that signal strength and polarity meet specifications.

Conclusion

The importance of electric ball valves in industrial control cannot be overstated, as their failure can severely impact production efficiency and safety. By thoroughly analyzing the causes of failures and implementing targeted solutions, companies can effectively prevent issues where electric ball valves can only open and not close, thereby ensuring stable production processes. Regular maintenance and timely fault handling are key to keeping electric ball valves operating normally. Companies should enhance their management of electric ball valves to improve the overall reliability and safety of their equipment.